Introduction to C++

C++ is a general-purpose programming language created by Bjarne Stroustrup as an extension of the C programming language. It was first introduced in 1985 and provides object-oriented features like classes and inheritance. C++ is widely used in various applications like game development, system programming, embedded systems, and high-performance computing.

C++ is a statically-typed language, meaning that the type of a variable is determined during compilation, and has an extensive library called the C++ Standard Library, which provides a rich set of functions, algorithms, and data structures for various tasks.

C++ builds upon the features of C, and thus, most C programs can be compiled and run with a C++ compiler.

Code Example

Here's a simple example of a C++ program that demonstrates some essential features of the language:

#include <iostream>

// A simple function to add two numbers
int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }

class Calculator {
  public:
    // A member function to multiply two numbers
    int multiply(int a, int b) { return a * b; }
};

int main() {
    int x = 5;
    int y = 3;

    // Using the standalone function 'add'
    int sum = add(x, y);
    std::cout << "Sum: " << sum << std::endl;

    // Using a class and member function
    Calculator calc;
    int product = calc.multiply(x, y);
    std::cout << "Product: " << product << std::endl;

    return 0;
}